Dị ka n'ichepụta na elu-ọgwụgwụ mgbanwe, ngwa ngwa mmepe na ubi nke dị ọcha ike na semiconductor na fotovoltaic ụlọ ọrụ mmepe, na elu arụmọrụ na elu nkenke nhazi ikike nke diamond ngwá ọrụ na-eto eto, ma artificial diamond ntụ ntụ dị ka ihe kasị mkpa akụrụngwa, diamond county na matrix na-ejide ike adịghị ike mfe mmalite carbide ngwá ọrụ ndụ adịghị ogologo. Iji dozie nsogbu ndị a, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'ozuzu na-anabata ihe mkpuchi elu diamond ntụ ntụ na ihe ígwè, iji melite njirimara elu ya, mee ka ogologo oge dịkwuo elu, ka ọ dịkwuo mma n'ozuzu ngwá ọrụ ahụ.
The diamond ntụ ntụ n'elu mkpuchi usoro bụ ihe ọzọ, gụnyere chemical plating, electroplating, magnetron sputtering plating, agụụ evaporation plating, ọkụ gbawara mmeghachi omume, wdg, gụnyere chemical plating na plating na-eto eto na usoro, edo mkpuchi, nwere ike n'ụzọ ziri ezi ịchịkwa mkpuchi mejupụtara na ọkpụrụkpụ, uru nke ahaziri mkpuchi, aghọwo ụlọ ọrụ abụọ a na-ejikarị na nkà na ụzụ.
1. kemịkalụ plating
Ihe mkpuchi kemịkalụ diamond ntụ ntụ bụ itinye ntụ ntụ diamond a na-emeso n'ime ihe mkpuchi kemịkalụ, ma tinye ion ọla n'ime ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi site na omume nke onye na-ebelata ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe mkpuchi kemịkal, na-akpụ mkpuchi ọla. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, kemịkalụ kemịkalụ diamond a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ nickel plating-phosphorus (Ni-P) ọnụọgụ abụọ a na-akpọkarị nickel plating.
01 Ngwakọta ngwọta nickel plating chemical
Ngwakọta nke kemịkalụ plating ngwọta nwere mmetụta dị mkpa na ọganihu dị mma, nkwụsi ike na mkpuchi mkpuchi nke mmeghachi omume kemịkal ya. Ọ na-enwekarị nnu bụ isi, onye na-ebelata ihe, ihe mgbagwoju anya, ihe nchekwa, stabilizer, osooso, surfactant na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akụkụ nke ọ bụla kwesịrị iji nlezianya dozie ya iji nweta mmetụta mkpuchi kachasị mma.
1, isi nnu: na-abụkarị nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel amino sulfonic acid, nickel carbonate, wdg, ọrụ ya bụ inye nickel isi iyi.
2. Mbelata ọrụ: ọ na-enyekarị hydrogen atomiki, na-ebelata Ni2 + na ngwọta plating n'ime Ni ma tinye ya n'elu akụkụ diamond, nke bụ akụkụ kachasị mkpa na ngwọta plating. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, a na-ejikarị sodium phosphate phosphate nwere ikike mbelata siri ike, ọnụ ala dị ala na nkwụsi ike dị mma dị ka onye na-ebelata ihe. Usoro mbelata nwere ike nweta ihe mkpuchi kemịkalụ na obere okpomọkụ na oke okpomọkụ.
3, ihe mgbagwoju anya: ngwọta mkpuchi nwere ike ịkpata mmiri ozuzo, welie nkwụsi ike nke ngwọta mkpuchi, gbasaa ndụ ọrụ nke ngwọta plating, melite ọsọ nke nickel, melite ogo nke mkpuchi mkpuchi, na-ejikarị succinin acid, citric acid, lactic acid na organic acids na nnu ha.
4. Ihe ndị ọzọ: stabilizer nwere ike igbochi decomposition nke plating ngwọta, ma n'ihi na ọ ga-emetụta omume nke chemical plating mmeghachi omume, mkpa agafeghị oke ojiji; ihe nchekwa ahụ nwere ike imepụta H + n'oge mmeghachi omume nickel plating iji hụ na nkwụsi ike nke pH na-aga n'ihu; surfactant nwere ike ibelata porosity mkpuchi.
02 Usoro nickel-plating chemical
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ nke usoro sodium hypophosphate chọrọ na matriks ahụ ga-enwerịrị ụfọdụ ọrụ catalytic, na elu diamond n'onwe ya enweghị ebe ọrụ catalytic, yabụ ọ dị mkpa ka emebere ya tupu etinyere kemịkalụ nke ntụ ntụ diamond. Usoro ọgwụgwọ ọdịnala nke ịtinye kemịkalụ bụ mwepụ mmanụ, ịkwakọba ihe, nghọta na ịgbalite.
(1) Mwepụ mmanụ, ịkwanye: iwepụ mmanụ bụ isi iji wepụ mmanụ, ntụpọ na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emerụ emerụ n'elu diamond ntụ ntụ, iji hụ na ọ dị mma na arụmọrụ dị mma nke mkpuchi na-esote. The coarsening nwere ike na-etolite ụfọdụ obere olulu na cracks n'elu diamond, dịkwuo elu roughness nke diamond, nke na-abụghị nanị na-eme ka adsorption nke metal ion na ebe a, ikwado ụdi chemical plating na electroplating, ma na-etolite nzọụkwụ n'elu diamond, na-enye mma ọnọdụ maka uto nke chemical plating ma ọ bụ electroplating metal deposition oyi akwa.
Ọtụtụ mgbe, usoro mwepụ mmanụ na-ewerekarị NaOH na ihe ngwọta alkaline ndị ọzọ dị ka ngwọta mwepụ mmanụ, yana maka usoro mgbakasị ahụ, a na-eji nitric acid na ihe ngwọta acid ndị ọzọ dị ka ihe ngwọta kemịkalụ crude ka etch diamond n'elu. Tụkwasị na nke a, a ga-eji njikọ abụọ a mee ihe na igwe nhicha ultrasonic, nke na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma iji wepụ mmanụ ntụ ntụ diamond na-eme ka ọ dị mma, na-echekwa oge na mwepụ nke mmanụ na usoro nhazi, ma hụ na mmetụta nke iwepụ mmanụ na okwu siri ike.
(2) Sensitization na activation: usoro nhụsianya na ntinye ọrụ bụ usoro kachasị mkpa na usoro nhazi nke kemịkalụ dum, nke metụtara kpọmkwem ma enwere ike ịme ihe mkpuchi kemịkal. Sensitization bụ ịgbasa ngwa ngwa oxidized bekee n'elu diamond ntụ ntụ nke na-enweghị autocatalytic ikike. Nkwalite ahụ bụ ịgbasa oxidation nke hypophosphoric acid na ion metal na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma (dị ka palladium metal) na mbelata irighiri ihe nickel, ka o wee mee ngwangwa ntinye ntinye nke mkpuchi n'elu ntụ ntụ diamond.
N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, oge nlezianya na ịmalite ọgwụgwọ oge dị mkpụmkpụ, diamond elu metal palladium point guzobe bụ obere, mgbasa ozi nke mkpuchi ahụ ezughị ezu, mkpuchi mkpuchi dị mfe ịdapụ ma ọ bụ sie ike ịmepụta mkpuchi zuru oke, na oge ọgwụgwọ dị ogologo, ga-eme ka palladium point point n'efu, ya mere, oge kachasị mma maka mmetụta uche na ọgwụgwọ ọrụ bụ 20 ~ 3.
(3) Chemical nickel plating: usoro nickel kemịkalụ kemịkalụ na-emetụta ọ bụghị nanị site na ngwakọta nke ngwọta mkpuchi, kamakwa ọ na-emetụta okpomọkụ ngwọta mkpuchi na uru PH. Omenala elu okpomọkụ chemical nickel plating, izugbe okpomọkụ ga-na 80 ~ 85 ℃, ihe karịrị 85 ℃ mfe ime ka decomposition nke plating ngwọta, na na ala karịa 85 ℃ okpomọkụ, ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume ọnụego. Na PH uru, dị ka pH na-abawanye mkpuchi deposition ọnụego ga-ebili, ma pH ga-emekwa ka nickel nnu sediment formation inhibit kemịkalụ mmeghachi omume ọnụego, otú na usoro nke chemical plating plating site optimizing kemịkalụ plating ngwọta mejupụtara na ruru, chemical plating usoro ọnọdụ, na-achịkwa kemịkalụ mkpuchi deposition ọnụego, mkpuchi njupụta, mkpuchi corrosion corrosion, mkpuchi njupụta usoro chọrọ mkpuchi nke diamond development.
Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, otu mkpuchi nwere ike ọ gaghị eme ka ọkpụkpụ mkpuchi dị mma, ma enwere ike ịfụ ụfụ, pinholes na ntụpọ ndị ọzọ, ya mere enwere ike iwere ọtụtụ mkpuchi iji meziwanye mma mkpuchi ma mee ka mgbasawanye nke ntụ ntụ diamond kpuchie.
2. electro nickeling
N'ihi na ọnụnọ nke phosphorus na mkpuchi oyi akwa mgbe diamond kemịkalụ nickel plating, ọ na-eduga na-adịghị mma eletriki conductivity, nke na-emetụta ájá loading usoro nke diamond ngwá ọrụ (usoro nke idozi ahụ diamond ahụ n'elu matrix elu), otú plating oyi akwa na-enweghị phosphorus nwere ike iji n'ụzọ nke nickel plating. The kpọmkwem ọrụ bụ itinye diamond ntụ ntụ n'ime mkpuchi ihe ngwọta nwere nickel ion, diamond ahụ kọntaktị na ike ọjọọ electrode n'ime cathode, nickel metal ngọngọ mikpuru na plating ngwọta na jikọọ na ike mma electrode na-aghọ anode, site electrolytic edinam, na free nickel ions na ngwọta na-ebelata ka atọm na diamonds elu, na mkpuchi.
01 Nhazi nke ngwọta plating
Dị ka ihe ngwọta nke kemịkalụ, ihe ngwọta electroplating na-enyekarị ion metal dị mkpa maka usoro electroplating, ma na-achịkwa usoro ntinye nke nickel iji nweta mkpuchi metal achọrọ. Ihe mejupụtara ya gụnyere isi nnu, onye na-arụ ọrụ anode, onye na-echekwa ihe, ihe mgbakwunye na ihe ndị ọzọ.
(1) Main nnu: tumadi iji nickel sulfate, nickel amino sulfonate, wdg N'ozuzu, elu isi nnu ịta, ngwa ngwa na mgbasa na plating ngwọta, na elu nke ugbu a arụmọrụ, na metal deposition ọnụego, ma mkpuchi grains ga-aghọ keadighi rarii, na mbelata nke isi nnu ịta, njọ conductivity nke mkpuchi, na ike ịchịkwa.
(2) Anode arụ ọrụ gị n'ụlọnga: n'ihi na anode dị mfe passivation, mfe ogbenye conductivity, na-emetụta uniformity nke ugbu a nkesa, n'ihi ya, ọ dị mkpa ka ịgbakwunye nickel chloride, sodium chloride na ndị ọzọ na-elekọta mmadụ dị ka anodic activator na-akwalite anode ebighị, melite ugbu njupụta nke anode passivation.
(3) Onye na-echekwa ihe: dị ka ihe ngwọta nke kemịkalụ, onye na-ahụ maka nchekwa nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike nke ngwọta plating na cathode pH, nke mere na ọ nwere ike gbanwee n'ime oke ohere nke usoro electroplating. Ndị na-echekwa ihe na-emekarị nwere boric acid, acetic acid, sodium bicarbonate na ndị ọzọ.
(4) Ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ: dị ka ihe ndị a chọrọ si dị na mkpuchi ahụ, gbakwunye ezigbo onye na-egbuke egbuke, onye na-edozi ọkwa, onye na-edozi mmiri na ihe dị iche iche na ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ iji meziwanye mma mkpuchi.
02 Diamond electroplated nickel eruba
1. pretreatment tupu plating: diamond anaghị emekarị ka ọ na-eduzi, ọ dịkwa mkpa ka a na-etinye ya na oyi akwa nke metal site na usoro mkpuchi ndị ọzọ. A na-ejikarị usoro ịtinye kemịkalụ na-ebu ụzọ tinye akwa akwa nke ígwè ma na-agbaba, ya mere, ọdịdị nke mkpuchi kemịkalụ ga-emetụta àgwà nke ihe mkpuchi ahụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ọdịnaya nke phosphorus dị na mkpuchi mgbe ịtinye kemịkalụ na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ịdị mma nke mkpuchi ahụ, na mkpuchi nke phosphorus dị elu nwere nguzogide corrosion ka mma na gburugburu acidic, ihe mkpuchi ahụ na-enwekwu ụbụrụ tumor, nnukwu ihe mgbagwoju anya na enweghị ihe magnetik; na-ajụ phosphorus mkpuchi nwere ma corrosion eguzogide na eyi iguzogide; obere phosphorus mkpuchi nwere dịtụ mma conductivity.
Ke adianade do, nta na urughuru size nke diamond ntụ ntụ, ibu nke kpọmkwem n'elu ebe, mgbe mkpuchi, mfe sere n'elu na plating ngwọta, ga-emepụta leakage, plating, mkpuchi rụrụ oyi akwa onu, tupu plating, mkpa ịchịkwa P ọdịnaya na mkpuchi àgwà, iji chịkwaa conductivity na njupụta nke diamond ntụ ntụ iji melite ntụ ntụ mfe sere n'elu.
2, nickel plating: ugbu a, diamond powder plating na-anabatakarị usoro mkpuchi na-atụgharị, ya bụ, a na-agbakwunye ihe ngwọta electroplating ziri ezi na bottling, otu ego nke diamond artificial n'ime ngwọta electroplating, site na ntụgharị nke karama ahụ, mee ka ntụ ntụ diamond dị na bottling na-atụgharị. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-ejikọta electrode dị mma na ngọngọ nickel, na-ejikọta electrode na-adịghị mma na ntụ ntụ diamond artificial. N'okpuru ọrụ nke ọkụ eletrik, ion nickel free na ngwọta plating na-etolite nickel metal n'elu nke diamond artificial powder. Otú ọ dị, usoro a nwere nsogbu nke ịrụ ọrụ mkpuchi dị ala na mkpuchi na-enweghị isi, ya mere usoro electrode na-agbanwe agbanwe bịara.
Ụzọ eletrọd na-atụgharị bụ ịgbagharị cathode na ntụ ntụ diamond. N'ụzọ dị otú a nwere ike dịkwuo kọntaktị ebe n'etiti electrode na diamond irighiri, dịkwuo edo conductivity n'etiti ahụ, melite na-ezighị ezi onu nke mkpuchi, na melite mmepụta arụmọrụ nke diamond nickel plating.
nchịkọta nkenke
Dị ka isi akụrụngwa nke diamond ngwaọrụ, elu mgbanwe nke diamond micropowder bụ ụzọ dị mkpa iji welie matriks akara ike na melite ọrụ ndụ nke ngwaọrụ. Iji mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ngwa diamond dịkwuo elu, a na-edobe oyi akwa nke nickel na phosphorus n'elu micropowder diamond iji nwee ụfọdụ conductivity, wee mee ka oyi akwa dị nro site na nickel plating, ma kwalite conductivity. Otú ọ dị, ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na elu diamond n'onwe ya enweghị ebe na-arụ ọrụ catalytic, n'ihi ya, ọ dị mkpa ka a na-eme ya tupu ya eruo kemikal.
akwụkwọ ntụaka:
Liu Han. Ọmụmụ na teknụzụ mkpuchi elu na ịdị mma nke micro powdered diamond artificial [D]. Zhongyuan Institute of Technology.
Yang Biao, Yang Jun, na Yuan Guangsheng. Mụọ na usoro pretreatment nke diamond n'elu mkpuchi [J]. Nhazi oghere oghere.
Li Jinghua. Nnyocha na ngbanwe elu na ngwa nke micro powdered diamond artificial ejiri maka waya saw [D]. Zhongyuan Institute of Technology.
Fang Lili, Zheng Lian, Wu Yanfei, et al. Usoro nickel plating usoro nke artificial diamond surface [J]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ IOL.
A na-ebipụtagharị akụkọ a na netwọkụ akụrụngwa siri ike
Oge nzipu: Mar-13-2025
