Dịka mmepụta si agbanwe elu, mmepe ngwa ngwa n'ọhịa nke ike dị ọcha na mmepe semiconductor na photovoltaic ụlọ ọrụ, yana arụmọrụ dị elu na ikike nhazi dị elu nke ngwaọrụ diamond na-eto eto, mana ntụ ntụ diamond arụrụ arụ dị ka ihe kachasị mkpa maka ihe eji arụ ọrụ, mpaghara diamond na ike ijide matrix adịghị ike dị mfe ndụ ngwa ọrụ carbide mbụ adịghị ogologo. Iji dozie nsogbu ndị a, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ejikarị ihe mkpuchi elu ájá diamond na ihe ígwè, iji melite njirimara elu ya, mee ka ọ sie ike, ka o wee melite ogo ngwaọrụ ahụ dum.
Usoro mkpuchi elu nke diamond ntụ ntụ bụ ihe karịrị, gụnyere mkpuchi kemịkalụ, electroplating, magnetron sputtering plating, vacuum evaporation plating, hot split reaction, wdg, gụnyere mkpuchi kemịkalụ na plating na usoro tozuru okè, mkpuchi edo, nwere ike ijikwa nhazi mkpuchi ahụ nke ọma na ọkpụrụkpụ, uru nke mkpuchi ahaziri ahazi, aghọọla ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ abụọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe.
1. mkpuchi kemịkalụ
Ihe mkpuchi kemịkalụ ntụ diamond bụ itinye ntụ diamond a gwọrọ n'ime ihe mkpuchi kemịkalụ, wee tinye ion ígwè n'ime ihe mkpuchi ahụ site na ọrụ nke ihe na-ebelata ihe na ngwọta mkpuchi kemịkalụ, na-emepụta mkpuchi ígwè dị oke arọ. Ugbu a, ihe mkpuchi kemịkalụ diamond kachasị eji eme ihe bụ kemịkalụ nickel plating-phosphorus (Ni-P) nke a na-akpọkarị ihe mkpuchi nickel kemịkalụ.
01 Ihe mejupụtara ngwọta nickel kemịkalụ
Ihe mejupụtara ihe mejupụtara ihe mkpuchi kemịkalụ nwere mmetụta dị mkpa na ọganihu dị mma, nkwụsi ike na ịdị mma nke mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ ya. Ọ na-enwekarị nnu bụ isi, ihe na-ebelata ihe, ihe mgbagwoju anya, ihe nchekwa, ihe na-eme ka ihe kwụsie ike, ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike, ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike, ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike, ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya dị nro ... na ihe ndị ọzọ. A ghaghị ịhazi oke nke ihe ọ bụla iji nweta mmetụta mkpuchi kacha mma.
1, nnu bụ isi: na-abụkarị nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel amino sulfonic acid, nickel carbonate, wdg., ọrụ ya bụ isi bụ inye isi iyi nickel.
2. Ihe na-ebelata ihe mgbu: ọ na-enye hydrogen atọm, na-ebelata Ni2+ na ihe na-ebelata ihe mgbu n'ime Ni ma na-etinye ya n'elu ihe ndị dị ka diamond, nke bụ ihe kachasị mkpa na ihe na-ebelata ihe mgbu. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ, a na-ejikarị sodium phosphate nke abụọ nwere ike ibelata ihe mgbu, ọnụ ala dị ala na nkwụsi ike dị mma dị ka ihe na-ebelata ihe mgbu. Sistemụ mbelata ahụ nwere ike ime ka ihe na-ebelata ihe mgbu n'oge okpomọkụ dị ala na okpomọkụ dị elu.
3, ihe dị mgbagwoju anya: ihe ngwọta mkpuchi ahụ nwere ike ịkpalite mmiri ozuzo, mee ka ngwọta mkpuchi ahụ kwụsie ike, gbasaa ndụ ọrụ nke ihe ngwọta mkpuchi ahụ, melite ọsọ ntinye nke nickel, melite mma nke oyi akwa mkpuchi ahụ, na-ejikarị succinin acid, citric acid, lactic acid na asịd organic ndị ọzọ na nnu ha.
4. Ihe ndị ọzọ dị na ya: ihe na-eme ka ihe kwụsie ike nwere ike igbochi ire ere nke ihe ngwọta mkpuchi ahụ, mana n'ihi na ọ ga-emetụta mmeghachi omume mkpuchi kemịkalụ, ọ dị mkpa iji ya nke ọma; ihe nchekwa ahụ nwere ike imepụta H + n'oge mmeghachi omume mkpuchi nickel kemịkalụ iji hụ na pH na-aga n'ihu; ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya nwere ike ibelata porosity mkpuchi ahụ.
02 Usoro nhazi nickel kemikal
Mkpuchi kemịkalụ nke sistemụ sodium hypophosphate chọrọ ka matrix ahụ nwee ọrụ catalytic ụfọdụ, elu diamond ahụ n'onwe ya enweghịkwa ebe etiti ọrụ catalytic, yabụ ọ dị mkpa ka a gwọọ ya tupu e tinye ntụ diamond kemịkalụ. Ụzọ ọdịnala nke mkpuchi kemịkalụ bụ iwepụ mmanụ, ịkpachapụ anya, mmetụta na ịgbalite ya.
(1) Iwepụ mmanụ, ịkpụcha ya: iwepụ mmanụ bụ isi ihe kpatara ya bụ iwepụ mmanụ, ntụpọ na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emerụ ahụ n'elu ntụ ntụ diamond, iji hụ na ọ dabara nke ọma ma rụọ ọrụ nke ọma nke mkpuchi na-esote. Ịkpụcha ya nwere ike ịmepụta obere oghere na mgbawa n'elu diamond, mee ka ịdị nro nke diamond dịkwuo elu, nke na-eme ka ọ bụghị naanị na ọ na-enyere aka ịbanye n'ime ion ígwè n'ebe a, na-eme ka mkpuchi kemịkalụ na electroplating na-esote dị mfe, kamakwa ọ na-etolite nzọụkwụ n'elu diamond, na-enye ọnọdụ dị mma maka uto nke mkpuchi kemịkalụ ma ọ bụ oyi akwa nchekwa ígwè electroplating.
Ọtụtụ mgbe, usoro iwepụ mmanụ na-ewerekarị NaOH na ihe ngwọta alkaline ndị ọzọ dị ka ihe ngwọta mwepụ mmanụ, maka usoro ịkpụcha mmanụ, a na-eji nitric acid na ihe ngwọta acid ndị ọzọ dị ka ihe ngwọta kemịkalụ na-adịghị ọcha iji tee elu diamond ahụ. Na mgbakwunye, ekwesịrị iji njikọ abụọ a na igwe nhicha ultrasonic, nke na-enyere aka ime ka arụmọrụ nke iwepụ na ịkpụcha mmanụ diamond dịkwuo mma, na-echekwa oge na usoro iwepụ na ịkpụcha mmanụ, ma hụ na mwepụ mmanụ na okwu dị nro na-emetụta ya.
(2) Mmetụta na mkpali: usoro mmetụta na mkpali bụ nzọụkwụ kachasị mkpa na usoro mkpuchi kemịkalụ dum, nke metụtara kpọmkwem ma enwere ike ime mkpuchi kemịkalụ ahụ. Mmetụta uche bụ itinye ihe ndị e ji oxidized mee ngwa ngwa n'elu ntụ ntụ diamond nke na-enweghị ikike autocatalytic. Ọrụ ahụ bụ itinye oxidation nke hypophosphoric acid na ion metal na-arụ ọrụ na catalytic (dị ka metal palladium) na mbelata nke ihe nickel, iji mee ka ọnụego mkpuchi dị ngwa ngwa n'elu ntụ ntụ diamond.
N'ikwu ya n'ozuzu, oge ọgwụgwọ mmetụta na mkpali dị oke mkpụmkpụ, nhazi isi ihe palladium metal dị n'elu diamond adịghị obere, ntinye nke mkpuchi ahụ ezughi oke, oyi akwa mkpuchi ahụ dị mfe ịda ma ọ bụ sie ike ịmepụta mkpuchi zuru oke, oge ọgwụgwọ ahụ dịkwa ogologo, ga-eme ka isi ihe palladium tọgbọ chakoo, ya mere, oge kachasị mma maka ọgwụgwọ mmetụta na mkpali bụ nkeji 20-30.
(3) Nkwadebe nickel kemịkal: usoro mkpuchi nickel kemịkal anaghị emetụta naanị ihe mejupụtara ihe mkpuchi ahụ, kamakwa ọ na-emetụta okpomọkụ mkpuchi ahụ na uru PH. Nkwadebe nickel kemịkalụ dị elu ọdịnala, okpomọkụ izugbe ga-adị na 80 ~ 85℃, ihe karịrị 85℃ dị mfe ibute mmebi nke ihe mkpuchi ahụ, na okpomọkụ dị ala karịa 85℃, ọnụego mmeghachi omume ngwa ngwa. Na uru PH, ka pH na-abawanye ọnụego mkpuchi ga-ebili, mana pH ga-emekwa ka nhazi sediment nnu nickel gbochie ọnụego mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, yabụ na usoro nke mkpuchi nickel kemịkalụ site na imeziwanye nhazi na oke nke ngwọta mkpuchi kemịkalụ, ọnọdụ usoro mkpuchi kemịkalụ, ijikwa ọnụego mkpuchi kemịkalụ, njupụta mkpuchi, iguzogide nchara mkpuchi, usoro njupụta mkpuchi, ntụ ntụ diamond iji mezuo ọchịchọ nke mmepe ụlọ ọrụ.
Tinyere nke ahụ, otu mkpuchi nwere ike ọ gaghị enweta ọkpụrụkpụ mkpuchi zuru oke, enwere ike ịnwe afụ, oghere dị n'ime ya na ntụpọ ndị ọzọ, yabụ enwere ike iji ọtụtụ mkpuchi mee ka mma mkpuchi ahụ dịkwuo mma ma mee ka mgbasa nke ntụ diamond a kpuchiri ekpuchi dịkwuo elu.
2. electro nickeling
N'ihi ọnụnọ phosphorus n'ime akwa mkpuchi mgbe ejiri nickel kemịkalụ diamond mee ihe, ọ na-eduga na njikwa eletriki na-adịghị mma, nke na-emetụta usoro ibu ájá nke ngwa diamond (usoro nke idozi irighiri diamond n'elu matrix), yabụ enwere ike iji akwa mkpuchi na-enweghị phosphorus mee ihe n'ụzọ nke mkpuchi nickel. Ọrụ kpọmkwem bụ itinye ntụ diamond n'ime ngwọta mkpuchi nwere ion nickel, mkpụrụ diamond na-emetụ electrode ike adịghị na kathode, ngọngọ ígwè nickel mikpuru na ngwọta mkpuchi ma jikọọ ya na electrode ike dị mma ka ọ bụrụ anode, site na ọrụ electrolytic, ion nickel efu dị na ngwọta mkpuchi na-ebelata ka ọ bụrụ atọm na elu diamond, atọm na-etolitekwa na mkpuchi ahụ.
01 Ihe mejupụtara ihe ngwọta mkpuchi ahụ
Dịka ihe ngwọta mkpuchi kemịkalụ, ihe ngwọta electroplating na-enye ion ígwè dị mkpa maka usoro electroplating, ma na-achịkwa usoro ntinye nickel iji nweta mkpuchi ígwè achọrọ. Ihe ndị bụ isi dị na ya gụnyere nnu bụ isi, ihe nnọchi anya anode na-arụ ọrụ, ihe nnọchi anya buffer, ihe mgbakwunye na ihe ndị ọzọ.
(1) Nnu isi: nke kachasị eji nickel sulfate, nickel amino sulfonate, wdg. N'ozuzu, ka nnu isi dị elu, otú ahụ ka mgbasa ya na ngwọta mkpuchi ahụ si dị ngwa ngwa, otú ahụ ka arụmọrụ ugbu a na-aka elu, otú ahụ ka ọ na-adịkwu mma, otú ahụ ka ọ na-adịkwu mma, otú ahụ ka ọ na-adịkwa mma, mana mkpụrụ mkpuchi ahụ ga-adị njọ, otú ahụ ka nnu isi na-ebelata, otú ahụ ka ọ na-adị njọ karịa otú o si arụ ọrụ, otú ahụ ka ọ na-esikwa ike ịchịkwa ya.
(2) Ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke Anode: n'ihi na anode dị mfe iji passivation, ọ dị mfe iji nwayọ nwayọ, na-emetụta otu nkesa ugbu a, yabụ ọ dị mkpa itinye nickel chloride, sodium chloride na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka ihe na-eme ka anodic rụọ ọrụ iji kwalite ọrụ anode, melite njupụta ugbu a nke passivation anode.
(3) Ihe nchekwa nchekwa: dịka ihe ngwọta mkpuchi kemịkalụ, ihe nchekwa nchekwa nwere ike idobe nkwụsi ike nke ihe ngwọta mkpuchi na pH cathode, ka o wee nwee ike ịgbanwe n'ime oke a na-anabata nke usoro electroplating. Ihe nchekwa nchekwa nkịtị nwere boric acid, acetic acid, sodium bicarbonate na ndị ọzọ.
(4) Ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ: dịka ihe mkpuchi ahụ chọrọ si dị, tinye oke kwesịrị ekwesị nke ihe na-egbuke egbuke, ihe na-eme ka ọkwa dị larịị, ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị mmiri na ihe ndị ọzọ dị iche iche na ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ iji melite mma nke mkpuchi ahụ.
02 Mmiri nickel a na-akpụkọta nke e ji diamond mee
1. Ọgwụgwọ tupu e tinye ya n'ime ihe mkpuchi: Dayamọnd anaghị emegharị ahụ nke ọma, a na-achọkwa ka e jiri ihe mkpuchi ígwè kpuchie ya site na usoro mkpuchi ndị ọzọ. A na-ejikarị usoro mkpuchi kemịkalụ eme ihe iji tinye ihe mkpuchi ígwè tupu e tinye ya n'ime ihe mkpuchi ma mee ka ọ sie ike, yabụ ịdị mma nke mkpuchi kemịkalụ ahụ ga-emetụta ịdị mma nke ihe mkpuchi ahụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. N'ikwu ya n'ozuzu, ọdịnaya nke phosphorus dị na mkpuchi ahụ mgbe e tinyere ya n'ime ihe mkpuchi kemịkalụ nwere nnukwu mmetụta na ịdị mma nke mkpuchi ahụ, mkpuchi phosphorus dị elu nwekwara ike iguzogide nchara ka mma na gburugburu acidic, elu mkpuchi ahụ nwere mmụba etuto ahụ karịa, nnukwu oke elu na enweghị ihe onwunwe magnet; mkpuchi phosphorus dị n'etiti nwere ma iguzogide nchara na iguzogide iyi; mkpuchi phosphorus dị ala nwere ike ijikwa ya nke ọma.
Na mgbakwunye, obere nha nke ntụ diamond ahụ, otú ahụ ka mpaghara elu ahụ si dịkwuo ukwuu, mgbe a na-ekpuchi ya, dị mfe ise n'ime mmiri mkpuchi ahụ, ga-emepụta ntapu mmiri, mkpuchi, mkpuchi oyi akwa rụrụ arụ, tupu e tinye ya na mkpuchi, ịkwesịrị ijikwa ọdịnaya P na ịdị mma mkpuchi ahụ, iji chịkwaa conductivity na njupụta nke ntụ diamond iji melite ntụ ntụ dị mfe ise.
2, mkpuchi nickel: ugbu a, mkpuchi ntụ ntụ diamond na-ejikarị usoro mkpuchi mpịakọta, ya bụ, a na-agbakwunye oke kwesịrị ekwesị nke ngwọta electroplating n'ime karama ahụ, a na-etinye ụfọdụ ntụ ntụ diamond arụrụ arụ n'ime ngwọta electroplating, site na ntụgharị nke karama ahụ, na-akwali ntụ ntụ diamond dị n'ime karama ahụ ka ọ tụgharịa. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-ejikọ electrode dị mma na ngọngọ nickel, a na-ejikọkwa electrode na-adịghị mma na ntụ ntụ diamond arụrụ arụ. N'okpuru ọrụ nke ubi eletriki, ion nickel dị n'efu na ngwọta plating na-emepụta nickel ígwè n'elu ntụ ntụ diamond arụrụ arụ. Agbanyeghị, usoro a nwere nsogbu nke obere arụmọrụ mkpuchi na mkpuchi na-adịghị mma, yabụ usoro electrode na-agbanwe agbanwe malitere ịdị.
Usoro elektrọd na-agbagharị bụ ịtụgharị kathode na plating ntụ ntụ diamond. Ụzọ a nwere ike ime ka mpaghara kọntaktị dị n'etiti elektrọd na mkpụrụ diamond dịkwuo elu, mee ka njikọ dị n'etiti mkpụrụ ahụ dịkwuo elu, melite ihe na-adịghị mma nke mkpuchi, ma melite arụmọrụ mmepụta nke plating nickel diamond.
nchịkọta dị mkpirikpi
Dịka isi ihe eji arụ ọrụ daịamọnd, mgbanwe elu nke micropowder diamond bụ ụzọ dị mkpa isi mee ka ike njikwa matrix dịkwuo mma ma melite ndụ ọrụ nke ngwaọrụ ndị ahụ. Iji melite ọsọ ibu nke ngwa daịamọnd, a na-ejikarị nickel na phosphorus kpuchie elu nke daịamọnd micropowder ka o nwee ike ijikwa ihe ụfọdụ, wee mee ka oyi akwa mkpuchi ahụ sie ike site na iji nickel plating, ma mee ka ike njikwa ahụ dịkwuo mma. Agbanyeghị, ekwesịrị ịmara na elu daịamọnd ahụ n'onwe ya enweghị etiti na-arụ ọrụ nke catalytic, yabụ ọ dị mkpa ka a gwọọ ya tupu e tinye kemịkalụ ahụ.
akwụkwọ ntụaka:
Liu Han. Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara teknụzụ mkpuchi elu na ịdị mma nke obere ntụ ntụ diamond arụrụ arụ [D]. Zhongyuan Institute of Technology.
Yang Biao, Yang Jun, na Yuan Guangsheng. Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara usoro ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo nke mkpuchi elu daịamọnd [J]. Nhazi nke oghere oghere.
Li Jinghua. Nnyocha gbasara mgbanwe elu na itinye obere ntụ ntụ dayamọnd arụrụ arụ nke e ji akwọ waya [D]. Zhongyuan Institute of Technology.
Fang Lili, Zheng Lian, Wu Yanfei, na ndị ọzọ. Usoro mkpuchi nickel kemịkalụ nke elu dayamọnd arụrụ arụ [J]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ IOL.
E bipụtaghachiri akụkọ a na netwọk ihe siri ike
Oge ozi: Maachị-13-2025
